Novel curfew system for COVID-19 outbreak

During 2020, all countries of the world imposed curfews due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus. However, it was observed in many countries that the curfew system is ineffective for many reasons such as instability in applying the system because there are distortions in it, randomness in making decisions related to curfews and ineffectiveness in preventing people from gathering to stop the spread of the virus. The aim of this study is to suggest a new curfew system that is more effective than the ones used in many countries now. The expected results through using this system is assisting the governments of the countries in controlling the movement of individuals, on other hand it ensures that they obtain their basic needs and the stability of commercial activities in the market. Research Article Novel curfew system for COVID-19 outbreak Mohammad Yacoub Al Shdaifat and Abeer Adel Salih* Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia Received: 26 March, 2021 Accepted: 07 April, 2021 Published: 10 April, 2021 *Corresponding author: Abeer Adel Salih, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, E-mail:


Introduction
As countries are affected by sars-COV-2 (COVID-19), many of them enforce curfews, lockdowns and social isolation for a long time to fi ght against the spread of the of the virus [1]. The serious public health concern is on the older adults because their heightened risk of neurocognitive, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and mental health problems [12]. During the 2019-2021 coronavirus pandemic, the term lockdown was used for actions related to mass quarantines [3].
Lockdowns can limit movements or activities in a community while allowing most organizations to function normally, or limit movements or activities such that only organizations supplying basic needs and services can function normally [4]. Experts have warned and continue to warn that using the harsh lockdown and curfew will continue to pose a threat to the lives of millions of people with potentially major disruption to an integrated world economy [5]. The purpose of this study is to create a new concept in the curfew that prevents crowding of individuals and at the same time enables them to fulfi l their fundamental needs, which ensures that the commercial activity returns to the markets.

Problem statement
Many countries use different types of curfew such as: Indolence, tough and random systems. The indolence curfew allows people to stay in the markets for long time which leads to crowding and breaking the laws of the curfew.
For the tough curfew, it represents a serious risk on the feeding and the medical health of the individual, also it weakens the dynamic life of markets. Finally, Random curfew is considered as the worst system because it contains all the negative impact that mentioned in the two previous systems.
The challenge of this study is trying to fi nd a curfew system ensures that people will not crowd in anywhere and they are able to fulfi l their fundamental needs which will fresh a lot of commercial sectors. The features of this new curfew system are the stability and its effi cient instructions.

Determinants of the research
The following points showing determinants of this research: 1. This curfew system is not reliable for the countries that 2. Some heads of families who are already registered in the countries' systems are outside the country or already died, these families will not benefi t from this system, but this problem can be solved through enabling them to register in the electronic platform dedicated to the curfew and enter the information of the new head of the family with mentioning one of the previous two reasons then the governments check their real state. = DNF NFDP number of the day periods (2) Number of the day periods are determined by the countries based on the population and their situation. Table 1 showing an example for the number of the families that can fulfi ll their fundamental needs by DNF and NFDP, considering that number of the day periods is 3. Generally, this methodology can be applied to countries with vastly different social systems and characteristics including urban and rural areas because this system is organized based on population of each area not based on a certain range of population, also this curfew system is independent on any local policies because it is standalone system.

Distribution of residents
The previous methodology of distribution (in section distribution of Independent Individuals) cannot be used for residents, due to the next reasons: 1) Their condition mostly is not known for the country (if they are individuals, families or groups).
2) The places where they live are unknown.
Therefore, giving each one of the residents (above 18 years old) a day and day period to get his needs would be more easy and reliable for the governments and the residents themselves.

Distribution of independent individuals
There are citizens who are not head of family and in the same time they live individually in areas away from their families. The name of this category is Independent Individuals (II) and they represent a high percentage for some areas especially the big cities, so it is necessary to make them independent category from other categories. Independent individuals register at an online platform (which is mentioned in section instruction and discussion), so they enter all the required information then the system will give them a random day and day period.

Instructions and discussions
The principle of this new curfew system is distribution of the citizens and residents to get their needs and cash withdrawal weekly according to a specifi c day and time period chosen for each one of them.
The permitted shops for operating are minimarkets, supermarkets, bakeries, meat and fi sh stores, and fruit and vegetable shops. These shops have to operate from 8am until 12am, but they have to stop welcoming customers after each four working hours as shown in Table 2 for cleaning, reducing the proportion of the virus in the atmosphere and increase the possibility of its death, it also gives enough time for the customers to reach their homes. The individuals and companies that are working on delivering the goods to the shops must do that before 8am or during closing periods, also they must follow the preventive instructions issued by the Ministry of Health.
HFR are informed about their allowed day and time through SMS and an online platform, where the head of the family and independent individuals enter the ID number while the passport number for the resident as shown in the Figure 1. Based on the category of the person, a page will be shown contains all the information of that person as shown in Figure 2.
For II, they need to register in the online platform, then they enter the required personal information as shown in the Figure 3. The government should announce for this online platform by all the available media.
Every citizen who exits from his home must carry his identity card or passport, but residents must carry the passport.
In case any of HFR or II asks another person (guarantor) to  For guarantors, the inspector takes the ID card/passport of the HFR/II from him and make sure that day and time gives allowance for that HFR/II, also the inspector requesting the ID card/passport of that guarantor. In addition to monitoring ATMs by bank cameras and stop them in case of irregularities or crowding of the bank clients.
It is not allowed for all to be far from their home more than a specifi c distance determined by the government, to ensure they return to their homes fast and not using that time for meetings or entertainment. Furthermore, informing fuel stations not to fuel the cars of individuals with more than a specifi ed number of liters determined by the government, so that people can fulfi l their needs in a way that guarantees that they are unable to reach areas far from their residence.
It is better to sterilize the money paper and coins by UV light to stop the spread of the virus [7]. Also imposing to wear a face mask and covering fruits and vegetables and emphasizing the role of personal hygiene help prevent the spread of the virus [8,9]. Finally, the laws of the new curfew system do not include the smart applications for delivery services.
The following points show the predicted results after applying the new curfew system: 3. This method works for the convenience of the police and army through reducing the interaction between      4. This method guarantees the presence of various highquality goods throughout the permissible shopping periods during the day instead of overcrowding, which only remains the poor goods that some individuals will have to purchase to meet their needs if any.
5. An individual may become infected with the virus when he leaves the house, but this method ensures that he stays at home for 6 days, so probably the initial symptoms will appear on him during this period, which precipitates his quarantine.

Conclusion
There are a lot of curfew systems in various countries of the world, but many of these have problems such as instability,