A Review on Psychological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) The Case of Under Developing Countries

A history signifi es that there were different pandemic diseases across the globe at different times that brings a fundamental consequence in psychological, socio-economic and political situations. Evidences showed that most emergency diseases were geographically restricted while others were/are not that attracts the professionals in developing insight and taking cross cutting decision. COVID-19 is the newly emerged pandemic across the globe at the end of 2019 but still shivering the world. Evidences indicated that many countries in the world invest their time, money, energy and strategy to tackle COVID-19 with heavy hesitation for future market instability, hunger and other silent killer diseases as their current plan do not glance to them. c Review Article


Introduction
History and situation of different pandemic diseases across the globe Different books, articles and records implied that there were the outbreaks of different pandemic diseases at different times in the world. For instance, today, the burden of deaths and disability in developing countries caused by non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular conditions, outweighs that imposed by long standing communicable diseases (WHO, 2003). According to (Huremović, 2019), intermittent outbreaks of infectious diseases have had profound and lasting effects on societies throughout history. For instance, those events have powerfully shaped the economic, political, and social aspects of human civilization, with their effects often lasting for centuries. Epidemic outbreaks have defi ned some of the basic tenets of modern medicine, pushing the scientifi c community to develop principles of epidemiology, prevention, immunization, and antimicrobial treatments.
Moreover, Delivorias and Scholz [1] revealed that ''despite signifi cant medical progress over the last centuries, infectious diseases such as infl uenza or malaria still represent a considerable threat to society. While some are endemic to specifi c geographical regions, others can spread, becoming epidemics or pandemics. While the fi rst and most crucial aspect of an epidemic is, and will always remain, the loss of human life, the spread of a virus can also have important repercussions for national or regional economies''.
A pandemic is an epidemic occurring on a scale which crosses international boundaries, usually affecting a large number of people. In a simple way a pandemic is an epidemic with higher magnitude in terms of geographical area, number of cases and days of suffering resulting in disabilities or deaths.
Human population have suffered from many pandemics throughout history be it the earlier form of smallpox or tuberculosis or the recent incidence of HIV/AIDS or H1N1. It has created catastrophic damage in many different forms. Public health around the globe is improving by leaps and bound but the occurrence of a pandemic is not always unexpected. The  16) and Disease X). At that time surprisingly, the writer stated that ''disease X is not, as of yet, an actual disease caused by a known agent, but a speculated source of the next pandemic that could have devastating effects on humanity'' which can signifi es COVID-19 and other future possible world or some region pandemic diseases. Moreover the above study explained that 52.1% of participants felt horrifi ed and apprehensive due to the pandemic and regarding to help, the majority of participants (57.8-77.9%) received increased support from friends and family members, increased shared feeling and caring with family members and others. Finally the study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild stressful impact on the sample population under study, even though the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing. Here remember should be given back to the history of china great diseases writers considered Black Death [2]; "The Plague" was a global outbreak of bubonic plague that originated in China in 1334, arrived in Europe in 1347, following the Silk Road. Within 50 years of its reign, by 1400 (The Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018) it reduced the global population from 450 million to below 350 million, possibly below 300 million, with the pandemic killing as many as 150 million. Some estimates claim that the Black Death claimed up to 60% of lives in Europe at that time [3].

Objectives of the review
Reports from TRALAC (2020) explained that COVID-19 crisis is affecting the entire world economy in general and that of Africa in particular. Some key sectors of the African economy are already experiencing a slowdown as a result of the pandemic like Tourism, air transport, and the oil sector are visibly impacted. However, invisible impacts of COVID-19 are expected in 2020 regardless of the duration of the pandemic. OECD [4] write a report on the socio-economic implication and policy response of the virus and stated that although the number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities might still appear comparatively low in Africa than in other world regions, the looming health shock of COVID-19 could have disastrous impacts on the continent's already strained health systems, and could quickly turn into a social and economic emergency. Beyond health risks, the COVID-19 shock to African economies is coming in three waves that: i. Lower trade and investment from China in the immediate term; ii. A demand slump associated with the lockdowns in the European Union and OECD countries; and iii. A continental supply shock affecting domestic and intra-African trade. It is shaking commodity-driven growth models that had largely failed to create more and better jobs or improve well-being.
World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease; COVID-19, to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern that WHO and public health authorities around the world are acting to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. Early in the occurrence of the disease peoples in different parts of the world particularly developing nations like Ethiopia considered as joking and rather than save oneself from contamination and stay at home they celebrating different cultural phenomena together as like as the secured time.
In Ethiopia, the outbreak of the disease was offi cially announced in March 13, 2020, The Federal Ministry of Health has confi rmed a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The case, which was announced on the 13th of March 2020, is the fi rst one to be reported in Ethiopia since the beginning of the outbreak in China in December 2019 (WHO, 2020).
In Ethiopia, COVID-19 was the only talk in the fi rst one to two months from offi cially announced time in tea coffee and other cultural ceremonies but still forgetting ways of transmission from infected to the healthy one.
With no glance to investment, agriculture and even other silent killer diseases, social Medias like Facebook, twitter and email addresses as well as Ethiopia television and other private communication Medias in all over the country talk and teach to the different level of the society using different languages and techniques about corona virus disease but nobody has hesitate and nothing to change and shaped. After hearing the death news in the country, peoples started to frustrated and increase absentee from daily activities.
UNICEF [5] telling the impact of the virus in Ethiopia that the current COVID-19 crisis is challenging the delivery of essential services to the most affected segments of the population, In the worst-case scenario of the effect hanging around for the coming three quarters, the decline in growth could be as high as 16.7 percent. In the same study, the service sector is, on average, forecasted to contract by about 15.6 percent.
From the beginning, the coronavirus disease has critically impacted global health systems and economies, especially in developing countries. Those countries have been struggling to address the preexisting burden of diseases with limited resources, which will become even more challenging during COVID-19. The economic implications related to COVID-19 in those countries include a high cost of care, market failures in pluralistic health systems, high out-of pocket expenses, the added burden of non-communicable diseases, missed economic opportunities, and socioeconomic consequences like unemployment and poverty [8].