COVID-19 Pandemic: Past, present and future

COVID-19 is the emerged pandemic disease of mankind. This disease yet has no proven therapy. Measures like the use of a vaccine, chemical spray, disinfectants, antiseptics, and supportive therapies could help control this disease that is caused by a coronavirus. Further effective control and prevention measures are urgently demanded to save the life of billions of the world’s human population. Especially having effective, and affordable vaccine that can be supplied as per its demand to all humankind is the priority at present. Short Communication


Introduction
There was no agreed-on primary source of the COVID-19 outbreak that was originated in December 2019. It might not be denied that more probably the origin of this disease was associated with wrong human practices; be it physical, psychological, or behavioral (abstract conducts). From the facts of the universe we are in, one can conclude that in no way, bad things originated from good did. What is wrong with the so-called academicians (including me) is that we are only academicians. But academic performance alone can't make one self-actualize. The perfect human complements the specifi c profession-based academic knowledge with extra qualities. Knowing social norms, having detailed insights into his immediate and wider environments, insights about the seen and the unseen world, having penetrating views about obstacles in life in this universe, being kind and genuine, and giving value to others are some of the qualities that one should have to at least approach the perfect human. In the absence of these qualities what human beings do always accompanied by problems like the COVID-19, which we are facing globally for the past one and a half years and are still worried about. Not only the emergence but also in the production of the COVID vaccine, its ownership, distribution, and things related to payments, our selfi shness is still going on [1].
It may not be much important now to waste time debating on the source of Covid-19 and the risk factors for its emergence.
These may not yield any positive impact in terms of measures to be taken to get rid of this pandemic disease. What may be helping is worrying about the source of this disease only in terms of gaining knowledge about the characteristics of the causative agent so that get a hint to develop effective control interventions like having an effective vaccine. Because the primary focus now should be on the solution to control this pandemic. The quality of any individual, particularly those involved in the clinical and medical professions; an organization, or a nation should be measured by the magnitude of an effort they have induced in control of this disease.
The transmission mechanism of the disease is also another aspect that should be thoroughly investigated to come up with a problem-solving solution. The well-perceived transmission of the disease is from the previously infected human or a contaminated environment, particularly materials contaminated by human's infective droplets to a susceptible human. When susceptible human gain access to infected human or contaminated materials or the environment either directly or indirectly, can acquire the virus. Entry of the virus could happen either through the respiratory or oral pathways or through the eye [1]. The aerosol transmission could also occur through droplet nuclei which remain airborne for suffi cient time to transmit the pathogen if gains access entry to the respiratory tract [2]. human host. The fi rst option that is fi ghting against the virus is, as usual, a 'blind fi ght' as we can't see the virus to fi ght within the battle of fi eld. The only option we have in the control method that targets directly fi ghting the virus is to spray chemicals that potentially kill the virus in the environment or to apply disinfectants on contaminated materials and to wash hands with antiseptics or detergents. All these actions involve a 'blind fi ght' in which we are not sure whether we properly target the virus and at the same time whether the targeted virus is properly challenged and killed. The only thing that we know at this level is that this method could increase the probability of death of the challenged virus and prevent from having access to a human being. These approaches are exposed to a lot of errors in the application of the chemicals and end up with the corresponding shortcoming. The spray applied on an external environment may also cause a problem to other life on earth, in water or air through its immediate or residual effect.

The primary control options
Even the use of the spray isn't economical as it consumes much volume of the chemical. Whatever the case, as far as we have no better option, we were obliged to use these techniques to fi ght the virus with a recommendation to use them properly with minimum error. This was the case before humans moved onto other control options. Nowadays spraying is not much practiced [3]. The spray chemicals can also have a chance to get in touch with the internal body parts, particularly when safety rules will not be followed while handling and during application. Whatever the case, now it is believed that a higher immunity level to SARS-CoV-2 among the human population will be achieved through vaccination instead of natural infection. That is why all attempts regarding control of COVID 19 are directing toward vaccine production and distribution. But vaccines produced so far, though expected to induce immunological protection robustly, do not provide life-long protection against COVID-19 and may require booster doses. Re-infection is reported in COVID-19 and following that the present-day caution is abandoning immunity passports and compliance of mitigation measures by recovered patients as thoroughly as the unexposed population at risk. The residual low antibody titer and T cell immunity might have increased severity during re-infection [5]. Anyhow, as the world is struggling to cope with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 50% effi cacy threshold was set for COVID-19 vaccines. This is because COVID-19 was deemed such a severe disease, that if a vaccine is only 50% effective, it's still worth using [6].

Use of masks
The second option in the fi ght against COVID-19 is targeting the human host, which is excluding the human from being accessed by the virus. Make a human being inaccessible to a virus mean to let the virus not get an appropriate host to survive in. To devoid the virus of a host, putting fences and obstacles in between is needed. These include physical barriers like masks, gloves, and protective clothes and the use of chemical barriers that make human beings resistant to the virus after immunization by vaccines. Hiding us from the virus is also taken as an alternative to escape this virus. That is why staying home was frequently recommended as a control option for this disease and still applied on some occasions [8].

Early diagnosis
Sensory approaches like early detection of the virus in an external environment and the body of a human can be taken as a third approach. Diagnosis of the presence of the virus in the environment as well as in the body of human beings is one mandatory action to be taken in the fi ght against the virus. This is even more reliable than the above-mentioned two approaches because this could create a technique that the infected individuals and help to isolate them before they pass the disease agent to others and also to assist the infected individual recover from infection by supportive therapy. This third approach also facilitates all the measures under the remaining two approaches to be conducted under tangible evidence and will make these two approaches very target and effective. The infrared thermometer is the only technology we have at hand at a relatively wider coverage in this regard even if not a hundred percent promising. PCR methods are the second COVID-19 detection method that is gaining momentum to be widely applied though constrained by affordability. Other methods of causative virus isolation are only limited to a few who can deserve to afford it [9].

Supportive therapy
The

Forwarded comments
Let us know what we are lacking from its very scratch which looks elementary but basic to cope up with things like COVID-19 and similar problems against which all the collective knowledge of human beings in the universe that was accumulated over centuries can't bring a solution [11]. Let us fi ght with this virus against which all that human beings have as a fi rst line of defense (a primary immune mechanism), secondary and tertiary immune defense mechanism can't sheath him of this virus. Don't let ourselves feel lonely and helpless standing in the middle of nowhere [12].