The use of methods of psychiatric education in the prevention of mental pathology by a psychiatrist outpatient consultation

Material and methods: The analysis of 5 qualifi cation works of a psychiatrist for the use of methods of psychiatric education of the contingent of patients of outpatient consultation was carried out. The depth of the study was 24 years. When working on the material, the following methodological approaches were used: systemic, complex, dynamic, normative, quantitative and situational. Analysis methods included: historical, analytical and comparison. The following techniques were used for the analysis: groupings, absolute values, continuous and selective observations.


Introduction
Hygienic education and upbringing of the population in order to involve them in active participation in the protection of personal and public health is an important section of the preventive activities of health authorities and institutions, the tasks and content of health education. In the work of a psychiatrist, psychoeducation, psychiatric education of patients and psychoprophylaxis include a set of educational, agitation and propaganda activities aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing diseases, maintaining and strengthening health, increasing the working capacity of people, and prolonging their active life [1][2][3]. Requirements for the preparation of a report for specialists with higher medical and pharmaceutical education formulate the provision on the sanitary and educational work of a doctor as follows: Section 8. [4]. Sanitary and educational work (refl ects the work done during the reporting period, indicating the topics of lectures, publications in the press, radio and television appearances). It follows from this document that a specialist who draws up documents for a qualifi cation category must be engaged in sanitary and educational work, have publications in print and speak on radio and television.

Aim
Determine the role and place of psychoprophylaxis of psychiatric education and in the structure of the work of a psychiatrist of an outpatient consultation appointment.

Material and Methods
The analysis of 5 qualifi cation works of a psychiatrist (1997,2002,2008,2013 and 2018) was carried out for sanitary and educational work as a part of the mandatory requirements for paperwork when they are submitted to the Attestation Commission on the assignment of qualifying medical categories in psychiatry. The depth of the study was 24 years [5][6][7][8][9]. When working on the material, the following methodological approaches were used: systemic, complex, dynamic, normative, quantitative and situational. Analysis methods included: historical, analytical and comparison. For the analysis, the following techniques were used: grouping, continuous and selective observations.
The study was conducted on the basis of the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Komi Republic "Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Komi Republic" (GAUZ RK "CDC RK"), which provides highly qualifi ed consultative and diagnostic, specialized medical care to the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and organizational and methodological management of diagnostic services of health care institutions within regional administrative entities. RK is located in the Far North-East of the European part of the Russian Federation (RF) and belongs to the subarctic territories. The main task of GAUZ RK "CDC RK" is to carry out high-quality comprehensive diagnostics of diseases available to the general population and provide highly qualifi ed consultative care using highly effective medical technologies on an outpatient basis. It serves patients in 20 administrative territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan and part of the Arkhangelsk region. For this, the institution has concentrated modern diagnostic and technical equipment, and a team of qualifi ed specialists has been formed.

Results
Psychiatric reception in the advisory department of GAUZ RK "CDC" is carried out by one specialist. Psychiatrist's consultations not only complement but also reveal to the internists the peculiarities of somatic pathology with signs of changes in the mental sphere [10,11].   In connection with the need to correctly refer patients to a psychiatrist for doctors, GAUZ RK "CDC", city polyclinics and Central regional hospitals, the following methodological A textbook on the organization of safety and protection of the population in emergency situations, the provision of emergency self-, mutual and fi rst pre-medical emergency care in case of injuries, accidents, accidents, disasters and natural disasters in conditions of remoteness from medical institutions, rotational work method, expeditions, long sea voyages, polar wintering is also intended for students of humanitarian and technical universities studying the courses "Life Safety" and "Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge and Health Protection", as well as those who independently master the basics of life safety.

Psychoeducation of patients with mental disorders
The offered lecture and practical course were built on the one hand on the basic principles of didactics, namely: scientifi c character; consistency and consistency in training; links between theory and practice; consciousness, activity and independence of students; visibility; availability; strength of knowledge, abilities, skills; taking into account individual characteristics in collective educational work with the trained population, on the other -using different forms of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. Improper, poor quality, not a timely provision of fi rst aid for injuries by the population in emergency situations lead to serious, sometimes lifethreatening complications. The authors consider the problem of human security as a complex problem of life support of modern society. Topics covered include: Classifi cation of emergency situations; Unifi ed Russian state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (RSChS); Natural emergencies; Industrial accidents and disasters; Accidents with the release of potent poisonous substances (SDYAV); Modern weapons of mass destruction and their impact on humans; Chemical weapon; Terrorism; Organization of civil defense and the necessary documentation in educational institutions on civil defense issues; Methodology for conducting the "Day for the Protection of Children in Emergency Situations" at school; Educational-methodical complex for the discipline "Life Safety" (for universities) [21]. Antiseptic and its types; Wounds. Animal and insect bites; Desmurgy. Bandage technique; Bleeding. Methods for temporary and permanent control of bleeding; Types of thermal injuries. Electrical burns. Thermal and radiation burns. Frostbite; Traumatic shock. Anti-shock measures in the focus of mass destruction and at the stages of evacuation; Fractures and their types. Absolute, relative and local signs; Head, neck and spinal column injuries; Injury to the chest and chest organs; Injury to the abdomen; Combined damage caused by weapons of mass destruction; Basic principles of resuscitation; Prevention of child and school injuries [22,23].
Both manuals have gone through four editions and recommended by the Presidium of the Council of Educational Methodological Association of Russian universities in the fi eld of teacher education as a textbook for students of higher educational institutions, students majoring on discipline 033300 "Safety". They were presented at the collective stand of the Universities of Russia exposition at the 55th International Book Fair in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), which after graduation entered the library of the University of Frankfurt. Largely thanks to these publications in the universities of Syktyvkar, a systematic approach to training the civilian population, represented by students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, for a healthy lifestyle, disease prevention and fi rst aid in case of injuries and accidents during accidents, emergencies and natural disasters have been formed disasters [24,25].

Practical use of educational and methodological works
The psychiatrist in co-authorship on the basis of the "Komi Republican Institute of Education" has developed courses of lectures: