Origami influence on container design

Citation: Abri JM, Perianez R (2017) An Exploratory Modelling Study on Late Pleistocene Mega-Tsunamis Triggered By Giant Submarine Landslides in the Mediterranean. Open J Oceanography 2(1): 007-0019. Citation: Antoniou K, Oterkus E (2019) Origami influence on container design. Ann Limnol Oceanogr 4(1): 015-019. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/alo.000008 https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/alo DOI: 2641-3078 ISSN: LI F E S C IE N C E S G R O U P


Introduction
Origami, the name of which is a combination of Japanese words Ori(folding) and Kami(paper), is a form of art that traces its roots in ancient Japan, and has been considered an intelligent hobby as it requires fi ne perception of geometrical fi gures to obtain the desired result. Only during the last few decades has its presence been spotted in industrial context as it has been discovered to have amazing new capabilities in introducing new mechanical properties to structures or enhancing their existing ones [1][2][3][4][5]. Its advantages in enhancing a structural design has been of use in cases where it is not possible to reinforce the structure with a conventional procedure. Its capability of adding indispensable mechanical attributes to deployable structures opens new possibilities in harsh conditions like the space environment where a combination of maneuverability and durability is a necessary feature.
The introduction of Origami design in engineering applications can be generally categorized into three areas. At fi rst, a lot of deployable structures are inspired from Origami folding. The examples are various and ranging from satellite solar sails to army emergency shelters. Otherwise, folding is used so that an increase in the total stiffness of the structure is achieved with a small addition to the total weight. A famous example is the lightweight sandwich panel cores for aircraft fuselages. In the fi eld of architecture, the same logic is applied in the cases of folded plate roofs or small modifi cations that complicate the design but add to its strength and sometimes in its aesthetic appearance. Lastly, Origami modifi cations have been introduced to designs that aim to absorb energy or to resist buckling phenomenon.
The main goal of this study is to develop a novel solution to carry a highly sensitive electrical equipment in container which will be installed in an offshore environment. The proposed solution utilizes the effect of the Origami art tradition in increasing the mechanical attributes of structures. Taking into consideration the Origami contribution, different container geometries are being modelled, tested and compared to obtain a container design with better structural properties than a conventional container design.

Folded textured sheets
With the introduction of a special texture, such as wrinkles, out-of-plane bending [6,7]. The most obvious property of these sheets is their ability to withstand large deformations in relation to the original sheet as the folds open and close.
In addition, this modifi cation enables the sheets to spread or shrink locally and therefore change their global Gaussian curvature (i.e. the inherent degree of curvature of a point in the surface) without any change of the material properties.
The interest of this study is on the macroscopic behavior of such sheets as this precious add-on can be integrated in the proposed design.

Equipment details
The sensitive equipment which is carried by a container is considered as 125HP/90kW AESV2E IE2 Motor due to the diffi culty that its shipping entails as it is a very heavy item in comparison to its dimensions. The motor has dimensions of 550mm×1087.5mm×546mm and a weight of 1180kg.
The module will be lifted into place by a heavy lift vessel using a 4-point lift with a spreader frame. The module will fi nally sit on a support structure, an offshore jacket, and will therefore be rigidly supported. However, during the lifting process it will be subject to defl ection which is being for improvement in the following sections. The roof isn't signifi cantly infl uenced by the load. Therefore, this part will be kept same as in the conventional container.

First design based on origami concept
The fi rst attempt to reduce the high values of stresses and    Figure 6, the base of the container is replaced with a surface that permits this force distribution. The angle of the folds used is 45 degrees and the structure provides that the edges are clamped so that the optimal result can be achieved.
The new design is analyzed by FEM with the loads evenly distributed instead of the uniform distribution in the conventional container design analysis as shown in Figure 7.
Although the volume increase in the base is 8% for the origami design, this new design concept is highly encouraging as the stresses decrease dramatically as demonstrated in Figure 8.

Updated design based on origami concept without volume restriction
As the main goal remains the distribution of the force vectors, the second attempt relies on the fi rst design using the same logic regarding the base and extends the usage of origami concept for the rest of the structure. The design proposed is infl uenced by the hexagonal cone origami design as shown in Figure 9 and is an attempt of the distribution of stress on the sides of the container as well. This second attempt will serve as an indicator for an advanced design without considering the increase of volume as long as desirable results can be achieved.
The design of folds on the sides of the container creates mechanical hinges that further permit energy absorption. This is possible through layers of material of opposite direction that face in and out of the box accordingly every one sixth of the        Figure 12. The detailed comparison and discussion between different designs concepts considered in this student will be given in the following section.

Conclusions
Results obtained for all four different design concepts considered in this study can be summarized as: Based on all four different design concepts considered in this study, it can be concluded that origami concept can provide certain advantages in terms of stress reduction with a price of volume increase in origami design concepts.